Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.     

3株氟磺胺草醚降解真菌的分离与鉴定

为了解决大豆田除草剂氟磺胺草醚长期使用造成的残留问题,本研究利用富集培养法进行菌株筛选,利用高效液相色谱法测定其降解能力,通过形态和16S rDNA序列分析对其进行种属鉴定。结果表明,本研究从长期施用氟磺胺草醚的土壤中分离纯化出3株能以氟磺胺草醚为唯一碳源生长的真菌菌株FF1、FF2和FF3。它们在7天内对初始浓度600 mg/L氟磺胺草醚的降解率分别为21.03%、15.74%和11.88%,这3个菌株分别鉴定为Aspergillus jensenii（詹森曲霉）、Penicillium dipodomyicola（双足青霉）和Rhizopus oryzae（稻根霉菌）。这3个种属的获得为氟磺胺草醚污染土壤生物修复提供了新的菌种资源。     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

壳聚糖硒对蛋雏鸡生长、组织硒含量及血清肝酶活性的影响

为探索壳聚糖硒对蛋雏鸡生长、组织硒含量及血清肝酶活性的影响,选取135只1日龄SPF蛋雏鸡,随机分为3组:一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;二组和三组在基础日粮中分别添加硒水平为0.15 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠和壳聚糖硒。结果显示:14日龄时亚硒酸钠组和壳聚糖硒组的耗料量、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和胸肌、心肌、肾脏、全血的硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),壳聚糖硒组心肌和肝脏的硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);28日龄时壳聚糖硒组与亚硒酸钠组的体重、血清AKP活性和肝脏、肾脏、胸肌、心肌、全血的硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),壳聚糖硒组的耗料量和肾脏、心肌、全血的硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。研究表明:壳聚糖硒能促进鸡的生长和硒的沉积,提高血清AKP活性,且效果优于亚硒酸钠。     

1985—2015年中国县域芝麻生产的时空演变

为阐明我国芝麻生产的时空变化特征，基于1985—2015年的我国县域芝麻生产统计数据，采用集中度、重心迁移、产量贡献率、优势度等指标，对我国芝麻种植面积、产量和单产的时空动态变化进行分析。结果表明:1)1985—2015年，我国芝麻产量和面积的分布基本一致，主要集中在大别山山脉一带和辽宁省西北部；全国芝麻单产水平不断提升，种植面积自2000年起小幅缩减，而产量变化处于明显的波动状态。2)30年间，全国芝麻产量集中度和面积集中度变化波动较小，集中地区分布发生了一定的变化；我国芝麻产量、面积重心同步向南偏西方向迁移，迁移距离分别为252和344 km。3)我国芝麻生产的主导因素一直为面积，占比为40.0%—49.9%；我国芝麻的生产优势区主要在河南、安徽、湖北、江西四省。近30年来，我国芝麻种植变化受其自身特性、病虫害、湿害以及政策等影响，芝麻生产受到一定的限制。因此，优化和调整我国芝麻生产的政策倾向、种植结构、良种研发以及栽培管理等方面尤显关键。     

月季R2R3-MYB转录因子全基因组鉴定与分析

月季是世界著名的观赏植物,具有极高的观赏价值和经济价值.本研究基于月季基因组利用生物信息学对月季R2R3-MYB基因家族进行全面鉴定,并对这些基因的结构、保守域和组织特异表达进行研究,解析月季R2R3-MYB转录因子在月季发育过程中的生物学功能.根据己报道的拟南芥R2R3-MYB基因,利用本地BLAST以及Hmmer工具鉴定月季基因组(Rosa chinensis' Old blush')中的R2R3-MYB基因,共鉴定出120个月季R2R3-MYB家族基因.系统进化树分析表明,月季R2R3-MYB家族基因可被分为34个亚组;其家族成员氨基酸序列N端均含有2个不等重复结构域R2和R3;基因结构分析显示,月季R2R3-MYB家族基因含有1～11个外显子;染色体定位发现120个基因分别定位在月季的7条染色体上,并发生8次串联重复事件;通过对基因组相关性分析共发现16对重复基因的R2R3-MYB基因簇.基因表达模式分析表明,120个基因在月季发育中均有表达,根据表达聚类分析可分为6个亚组,每个亚组之间存在表达差异.     

本土文化在景观设计中的应用——以田家烧锅广场为例

在田家烧锅广场设计中重点结合广场的周边用地现状确定广场的使用功能,划分出沿街景观区、休闲活动区等区域,并且以哈尔滨市香坊区的田家烧锅这一本土文化为历史文脉,在广场中点缀与之有关的本土人文景观元素,增添广场的趣味性和教育性。